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Zika virus infections in humans 1954–2007, confirmed by virus isolation

Updated: 06/28/2022
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Case number Year Location Description Reference/notes
1 1954 Nigeria 10-yr-old African female with fever and headache MacNamara 19541
2* 1956 Nigeria Experimentally induced in a 34-yr-old European male, residing in Nigeria for 4 ½ months before inoculation; symptoms included headache and fever Bearcroft 19562
3 1964† Uganda 28-yr-old European male, residing in Uganda for 2 ½ months before illness; with headache, rash, and fever Simpson 19643
4, 5, 6 1968 Nigeria

Virus isolated from 3 febrile children, aged:

  • 10 months
  • 2 ½ years
  • 3 years

No clinical details available

 Moore 19754
7, 8 1979‡ Nigeria
  • 2 ½ yr-old boy with fever
  • 10-yr-old boy with fever, headache, and body pains

Fagbami 19795

40% persons tested had neutralising antibodies to Zika virus (more frequently in younger people), demonstrating high prevalence of immunity in Nigeria. Unreported cases likely misdiagnosed as malaria.
9* 1973 Portugal Male arbovirus laboratory worker who had been vaccinated against yellow fever 2 months before infection; with chills, fever, sweating, retro-orbital pain, and pain in the back of the neck and in the joints  Filipe 19736
10-16 1981§ Indonesia

7 cases in hospitalized patients:

  • 16-yr-old female
  • 14-yr-old male
  • 12-yr-old male
  • 32-yr-old female
  • 12-yr-old female
  • 25-yr-old female
  • 13-yr-old male

All cases had fever; none had rash

 Olson 19817

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* Not naturally occurring
† Infection occurred 1962-63; case published 1964
‡ Blood specimens for the 2 isolates were collected in July 1971 and May 1975; cases published in 1979
§ Cases occurred in 1977 and 1978; published 1981

1MacNamara FN. Zika virus: a report on three cases of human infection during an epidemic of jaundice in Nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1954 Mar;48(2):139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(54)90006-1 PMID:13157159.
2 Bearcroft WGC. Zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1956 Sept;50(5):442-48. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(56)90091-8.
3 Simpson DI. Zika virus infection in man. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1964 Jul;58(4):335–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(64)90201-9 PMID:14175744.
4Moore DL, Causey OR, Carey DE, Reddy S, Cooke AR, Akinkugbe FM, et al. Arthropod-borne viral infections of man in Nigeria, 1964–1970. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1975 Mar;69(1):49–64. PMID:1124969.
5 Fagbami AH. Zika virus infections in Nigeria: virological and seroepidemiological investigations in Oyo State. J Hyg (Lond). 1979 Oct;83(2):213–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022172400025997 PMID:489960.
6 Filipe AR, Martins CM, Rocha H. Laboratory infection with Zika virus after vaccination against yellow fever. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch. 1973;43(4):315–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01556147 PMID:4799154.
7 Olson JG, Ksiazek TG, Suhandiman, Triwibowo. Zika virus, a cause of fever in Central Java, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1981;75(3):389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035- 9203(81)90100-0 PMID:6275577.